<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- Created by Toppan Merrill -->
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  9.10.0.146 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 6/14/2021 8:58:03 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 6/14/2021 8:58:03 AM-->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/20210331" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2020-01-31" xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2020-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" xmlns:us-roles="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2020-01-31" xmlns:xl="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/XLink" xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017-01-31" xmlns:srt-roles="http://fasb.org/srt-roles/2020-01-31" xmlns:utr="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/utr" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2020-01-31" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2020-01-31" xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2020-01-31" xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2020-01-31" xmlns:negated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2020-01-31" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2020-01-31" xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2018-01-31" xmlns:attributeFormDefault="unqualified" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:vacc="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/20210331">
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
        <link:definition>00100 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss">
        <link:definition>00200 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLossCalc2" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLossCalc2">
        <link:definition>00200 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Calc2)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
        <link:definition>00400 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" id="DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>40401 - Disclosure - Prepaid and other current assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>40501 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesFutureAnnualMinimumLeasePaymentsDetailsCalc2" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesFutureAnnualMinimumLeasePaymentsDetailsCalc2">
        <link:definition>41103 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Future annual minimum lease payments - (Details) (Calc2)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesFutureAnnualMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesFutureAnnualMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails">
        <link:definition>41103 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Future annual minimum lease payments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>00090 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
        <link:definition>00105 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInRedeemableConvertiblePreferredSharesAndShareholdersDeficit" id="StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInRedeemableConvertiblePreferredSharesAndShareholdersDeficit">
        <link:definition>00300 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNatureOfBusinessAndBasisOfPresentationDetails" id="DisclosureNatureOfBusinessAndBasisOfPresentationDetails">
        <link:definition>40101 - Disclosure - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShareDilutedWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingDetails" id="DisclosureNetLossPerShareDilutedWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingDetails">
        <link:definition>40302 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share - Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSeriesBSharesDetails" id="DisclosureSeriesBSharesDetails">
        <link:definition>40601 - Disclosure - Series B shares (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureConvertibleLoanNotesDetails" id="DisclosureConvertibleLoanNotesDetails">
        <link:definition>40701 - Disclosure - Convertible loan notes (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureDeferredSharesDetails" id="DisclosureDeferredSharesDetails">
        <link:definition>40801 - Disclosure - Deferred A Shares (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureFairValueDetails" id="DisclosureFairValueDetails">
        <link:definition>40901 - Disclosure - Fair value (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationAdditionalInformationDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>41001 - Disclosure - Share-Based Compensation - Additional information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationFairValueOfEachStockOptionIssuedToEmployeesDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationFairValueOfEachStockOptionIssuedToEmployeesDetails">
        <link:definition>41002 - Disclosure - Share-Based Compensation - Fair value of each stock option issued to employees - (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareBasedCompensationExpenseDetails" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationShareBasedCompensationExpenseDetails">
        <link:definition>41003 - Disclosure - Share-Based Compensation - Share based compensation expense (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesEffectiveDataOfLeaseTermDetails" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesEffectiveDataOfLeaseTermDetails">
        <link:definition>41101 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Effective data of the lease term (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureRelatedPartyTransactionsDetails" id="DisclosureRelatedPartyTransactionsDetails">
        <link:definition>41201 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSubsequentEventsDetails" id="DisclosureSubsequentEventsDetails">
        <link:definition>41301 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNatureOfBusinessAndBasisOfPresentation" id="DisclosureNatureOfBusinessAndBasisOfPresentation">
        <link:definition>10101 - Disclosure - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>10201 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShare" id="DisclosureNetLossPerShare">
        <link:definition>10301 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssets" id="DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssets">
        <link:definition>10401 - Disclosure - Prepaid and other current assets</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities">
        <link:definition>10501 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSeriesBShares" id="DisclosureSeriesBShares">
        <link:definition>10601 - Disclosure - Series B shares</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureConvertibleLoanNotes" id="DisclosureConvertibleLoanNotes">
        <link:definition>10701 - Disclosure - Convertible loan notes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureDeferredShares" id="DisclosureDeferredShares">
        <link:definition>10801 - Disclosure - Deferred A Shares</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureFairValue" id="DisclosureFairValue">
        <link:definition>10901 - Disclosure - Fair value</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensation" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensation">
        <link:definition>11001 - Disclosure - Share-Based Compensation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies">
        <link:definition>11101 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureRelatedPartyTransactions" id="DisclosureRelatedPartyTransactions">
        <link:definition>11201 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSubsequentEvents" id="DisclosureSubsequentEvents">
        <link:definition>11301 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>20202 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShareTables" id="DisclosureNetLossPerShareTables">
        <link:definition>30303 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables" id="DisclosurePrepaidAndOtherCurrentAssetsTables">
        <link:definition>30403 - Disclosure - Prepaid and other current assets (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" id="DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables">
        <link:definition>30503 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureFairValueTables" id="DisclosureFairValueTables">
        <link:definition>30903 - Disclosure - Fair value (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables" id="DisclosureShareBasedCompensationTables">
        <link:definition>31003 - Disclosure - Share-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesTables" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesTables">
        <link:definition>31103 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShareDetails" id="DisclosureNetLossPerShareDetails">
        <link:definition>40301 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.vaccitech.co.uk/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>41102 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Measurement of lease liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vacc-20210331_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vacc-20210331_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vacc-20210331_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vacc-20210331_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Calculation Links, all" />
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" />
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd" />
  <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2020/elts/us-gaap-2020-01-31.xsd" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-2020-01-31.xsd" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_SeriesRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" name="SeriesRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" name="SeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredCSharesMember" name="DeferredCSharesMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" name="AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentivesReceivable" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentivesReceivable" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredStockValueIssued" name="DeferredStockValueIssued" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ResearchGrantsAndContractsMember" name="ResearchGrantsAndContractsMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentives" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentIncentives" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredaSharesMember" name="DeferredaSharesMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredSharesMember" name="DeferredSharesMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" name="TemporaryEquityValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquitySharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" name="TemporaryEquitySharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityValueIssueOfDeferredShares" name="TemporaryEquityValueIssueOfDeferredShares" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssueOfDeferredShares" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssueOfDeferredShares" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssueOfDeferredShares" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssueOfDeferredShares" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" name="DeferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" nillable="true" type="num:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredStockSharesAuthorized" name="DeferredStockSharesAuthorized" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredStockSharesIssued" name="DeferredStockSharesIssued" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredStockSharesOutstanding" name="DeferredStockSharesOutstanding" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_NonCashInterestExpenseOnConvertibleLoanNotes" name="NonCashInterestExpenseOnConvertibleLoanNotes" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentIncentivesReceivable" name="IncreaseDecreaseInResearchAndDevelopmentIncentivesReceivable" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_PaymentsOfTransactionCostsForRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock" name="PaymentsOfTransactionCostsForRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStock" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_NumberOfDirectAndIndirectSubsidiaries" name="NumberOfDirectAndIndirectSubsidiaries" nillable="true" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentTextBlock" name="PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrentTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTextBlock" name="AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" name="AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_AccruedManufacturingAndClinicalExpensesCurrent" name="AccruedManufacturingAndClinicalExpensesCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityForeignExchangeTranslation" name="FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityForeignExchangeTranslation" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_SeriesaAndSeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" name="SeriesaAndSeriesBRedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedOnSubdivision" name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuedOnSubdivision" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_OrdinarySharesLiquidationPreference" name="OrdinarySharesLiquidationPreference" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_NumberOfOrdinarySharesForEachAmericanDepositoryShares" name="NumberOfOrdinarySharesForEachAmericanDepositoryShares" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedUponConversion" name="TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedUponConversion" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_PercentageOfFullyDilutedShareCapital" name="PercentageOfFullyDilutedShareCapital" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ShareholderOfOxfordSciencesInnovationPlcMember" name="ShareholderOfOxfordSciencesInnovationPlcMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ShareholderUniversityOfOxfordMember" name="ShareholderUniversityOfOxfordMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_OxfordUniversityInnovationLimitedMember" name="OxfordUniversityInnovationLimitedMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_LeaseOfLaboratoryAndOfficeSpaceInOxfordMember" name="LeaseOfLaboratoryAndOfficeSpaceInOxfordMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ClinicalStudyCostsMember" name="ClinicalStudyCostsMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPriceMultiplier" name="DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPriceMultiplier" nillable="true" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DebtInstrumentConvertibleBeneficialConversionAndRedemptionFeature" name="DebtInstrumentConvertibleBeneficialConversionAndRedemptionFeature" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestDisclosureTextBlock" name="RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestDisclosureTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_DeferredBSharesMember" name="DeferredBSharesMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesGross" name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesGross" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityStockIssuanceCosts" name="TemporaryEquityStockIssuanceCosts" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedUponAutomaticConversion" name="TemporaryEquitySharesIssuedUponAutomaticConversion" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityOfferingPricePerShareThresholdMultiplier" name="TemporaryEquityOfferingPricePerShareThresholdMultiplier" nillable="true" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_TemporaryEquityThresholdGrossProceedsToTriggerAutomaticConversion" name="TemporaryEquityThresholdGrossProceedsToTriggerAutomaticConversion" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_InLicenseAgreementsMember" name="InLicenseAgreementsMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_PercentageOfFutureRoyaltiesForDirectSalesOfCoveredProductLicenseAgreement" name="PercentageOfFutureRoyaltiesForDirectSalesOfCoveredProductLicenseAgreement" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_LesseeOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAndOtherInformationTableTextBlock" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAndOtherInformationTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_LesseeOperatingLeaseOtherInformationTableTextBlock" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseOtherInformationTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ServicesFromOxfordUniversityInnovationLimitedMember" name="ServicesFromOxfordUniversityInnovationLimitedMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_NoncashInvestingItemsAbstract" name="NoncashInvestingItemsAbstract" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_NoncashFinancingItemsAbstract" name="NoncashFinancingItemsAbstract" nillable="true" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_AmericanDepositarySharesMember" name="AmericanDepositarySharesMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_PercentageOfNetPaymentsReceivedForAllowableSublicensesOfTechnologyDevelopedLicenseAgreement" name="PercentageOfNetPaymentsReceivedForAllowableSublicensesOfTechnologyDevelopedLicenseAgreement" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="vacc_ShareBasedCompensationCorrectionMember" name="ShareBasedCompensationCorrectionMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
</xsd:schema>
